African+American+Pt.+3

  In modern day United States, African Americans have settled all over the nation. However, there are some areas of the country that have high concentrations of this racial group. According to the Census Bureau in 2000, 12.3% of the American population registered as being African American in race. Of the people living in urbanized areas in the United States, 14% are African American. The states with the highest numbers (more than 1,876,785) of African Americans are California, Texas, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, and New York. The states with the highest percentages (more than 27.9%) of African Americans are Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and New Jersey.   African Americans came to America by way of slavery beginning in the 1700s. Slaves were forcefully brought over from Africa to serve white plantation owners all over the Americas. Most African slaves that were brought to what eventually would be known as the United States, ended up in the southern region of the country. As the United States gained its independence from Britain, dependence on slaves grew.  During the 1800s tension grew in the United States over the ownership of slaves. Northern states began to be unsupportive of the trade, and southern states, which were heavily reliant on tobacco and cotton crops, were highly supportive of the trade. When the North emerged as the victor in the Civil War, slaves all over the nation were emancipated. Blacks were given full American citizenship rights and the right to vote by 1870, but were not given complete freedom or rights in America until the 1960s.  Blacks and whites were strictly segregated in schooling, living, dining out, and even going to the bathroom. The landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 voted to desegregate the public school systems. The civil rights movement was sparked from this case and continued full steam ahead until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, which basically banned discrimination based on race in employment and general day to day living.   Politically, African Americans have gained strength since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. In 1989, Douglas Wilder became the first black governor to be voted into office. Since then, there have been numerous African Americans voted into office in the U.S. Senate, House of Representatives, and now even the presidency.  A driving force in equality for African Americans in the political world has been the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC). Since its formation, the CBC has sought to preserve a national commitment to fair treatment for urban and rural America, the elderly, students, small businessmen and women, middle and low income wage earners, the economically disadvantaged, and a new world order.  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">According to the Census Bureau in 2000, the median household income of a white householder was $44,687. The median household income of an African American householder was $29,423. Although blacks have made huge strides economically since the 1800s, blacks comprise 0.25% of America’s economic elite, and comprise of 14% of America’s population. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Multicultural Resource Guide: African Americans **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Geography **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">History **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Politics **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Economically **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Behavior **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Behavior ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Misunderstanding ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Strategy ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Speaking Ebonics || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Often seen as acting out or deliberately undermining teacher authority and academic language. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">We all behave differently in different settings. For example, a teacher may talk about the differences between conversations with friends in the community and conversations with adults at school and discuss how each behavior is valued and useful in that setting. While some students adjust their behavior automatically, others must be taught and provided ample opportunities to practice. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Having a “hard exterior” or acting tough || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Having a behavioral problem and willingly being insubordinate when really they may have been raised this way by parents who feared their children falling prey to the streets. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Seek to understand the individual student’s worldview. The teacher does not have to agree with everything the child says, but must let the student know that they are being heard. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Insubordination linked to cultural identity || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Students not listening or following classroom/school rules. Often when black students are not significantly represented in an area, they will act out due to a type of identity crisis. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Acknowledge both individual and cultural differences enthusiastically and identify these differences in a positive manner. This positive identification creates a basis for the development of effective communication and instructional strategies. Social skills such as respect and cross-cultural understanding can be modeled, taught, prompted and reinforced by the teacher. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Exhibiting unstable behaviors || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Often interpreted as black families being unstable and chaotic, which is not always true || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Discover what students’ lives are like outside of school. Developing an understanding of students' lives also enables the teacher to increase the relevance of lessons and make examples more meaningful. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Not having goals for future achievement || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Often viewed as being lazy and not having a high IQ. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">There are many ways to facilitate students' independence. For example, when students begin their work without specific instruction from the teacher, they are displaying independence. When students ask questions, the teacher can encourage independence by responding in a way that lets the student know how to find the answer for him- or herself. When teachers ask students to evaluate their own work or progress, they are facilitating independence, and asking students to perform for the class (e.g., by reciting or role-playing) also promotes independence. ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">African American History. (2009). Retrieved October 11, 2009, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Burnett, J. (1999). Critical Behaviors and Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students. Retrieved October 10, 2009, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. (2009). Retrieved October 10, 2009, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Strategies for Teaching African American Students. (2005). Retrieved October 11, 2009, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Student Assistance Program. (2007). Retrieved October 11, 2009, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">References **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">