Egpyt

Cox, Reggie Hoag, Nicole Shepherd, Monique EEX 4601 October 7, 2009 Reyes, M.

Behavioral Multicultural Resource Guide Egypt

· The geography of Egypt can be split into two sections: South west Asia and North Africa. · Egypt has shorelines on the Mediterranean and Red Sea. · Egypt is about the same size as Texas and New Mexico combined. · Egypt is predominantly desert. Only 3.5% of the total area is cultivated and permanently settled. · The Nile valley and Nile Delta are the most important regions and support about 99% of the population. · Egypt, world's thirtieth-largest country after Mauritania. · The Capital of Egypt is Cairo with an estimated population of 16 million.  ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3220-2270 BC There was an Upper and lower Egypt-Pharaoh Menes united them to become the Ancient Empire ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1279-1212 BC- Pharaoh Ramses II signed the first peace treaty recorded in history ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">332 BC-Alexander the great arrived in Egypt ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">331 BC-founded Alexandria as the gateway between Egypt and Greece. Alexandria is where the early fathers of the Church were produced at the Catechetical School ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">July 2, 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte arrived in Egypt, with his expedition were a number of savants and scientists who made a complete encyclopedic survey of Egypt, known as "Description de l'Egypte." It contributed significantly to the study of ancient Egyptian history through the discovery of the Rosetta Stone and the consequent deciphering of Hieroglyphics, the ancient Egyptian language ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1805-1849 Mohamad Ali is regarded as the father of modern Egypt who set the country on the march towards modernization. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1863 Khedive Ismail, a member of Mohamad Ali's dynasty, rose to power. Mohamad Ali had started the process of modernization; it was Ismail who completed it. He had boundless ambitions to bring Egypt up to the same level of culture, civilization and development which was enjoyed by most nations of Europe. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1869 During Khedive Ismail’s reign the Suez Canal was inaugurated. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">August 12th 1882 British troops landed at Alexandria marking the beginning of British occupation which lasted for 74 years. The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the awakening of the national conscience aiming at ending the British occupation. Mustafa Kamel, Sa'ad Zaghloul, Mustafa El Nahas and many others were prominent figures who strove to achieve two national objectives; independence and constitutional reform ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">February 28, 1922 Britain unilaterally declared the termination of the British Protectorate and declared Egypt an independent state ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1923 The first Constitution was promulgated and Sa'ad Zaghloul formed the first representative government of Egypt. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">June 18, 1953 the monarchy ended and Egypt was declared a Republic and Mohamad Naguib was named as the first President. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1954 Nasser assumed control as the second president. During Nasser's presidency, extensive agricultural and industrial development projects were carried out. Progressive economic and social reforms were implemented for the benefit of the majority of the Egyptian people ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">September 1970 with the death of President, Anwar El-Sadat assumed office. The Sadat period witnessed changes in the political, social and economic domains, and at the same time, the private sector was given a greater share in the country's economy through the implementation of the "Open Door Policy". ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">October 1981 Vice President Hosny Mubarak succeeded Sadat as President. Economic reforms undertaken under Mubarak succeeded in diverting finance towards productive investment in industry and agriculture. The main features of Egypt's national economic policy under President Mubarak are the efforts to broaden the economic base by promoting local, Arab and foreign investment. A process of successful privatization has started, the stock exchange has been revived, and reform programs with the IMF and the World Bank have been signed and implemented. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There is a Head of State as well as a Prime Minister ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">President Hosni Mubarak and Atef Muhammed Abeid ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">31 Ministers heading each Ministry while Prime Minister heads Ministry of Planning and International Co-operation. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">National Assembly called, “People’s Assembly,” has 454 seats ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Limited Democracy ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Elections allow very few changes ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“Muslim Brotherhood,” runs for elections but will not adhere to any sort of democratic ideology. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fair amount of freedom of speech and civil rights are well secured. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">17,000 current political prisoners. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Receives strong financial support from the United States ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Constitution defines Egypt as, “an Arab republic with a democratic, socialist system.” <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile Valley, where most economic goings-on take place. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Egyptian economy mainly depends on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, textiles and tourism. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Despite the positive growth in the economy, Egypt still exhibits extreme differences between rich and poor, and is by any standard still to be considered a poor country. About 40.5% of the Egyptian population are in the range of extreme poor to near poor. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Egypt is grossly overpopulated, and there is neither sufficient agricultural land, nor water resources to sustain the ever increasing population currently estimated at about 70 million ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The most common crops are cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, tomatoes, sugarcane, and citrus fruit. Egypt is the world’s largest cotton exporter. ·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">About a third of Egypt's workers are employed in farming <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Upon entering middle school students must decide if they are going to enter the work force or do the university track. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students may decide at a young age that school is not for them and give up learning the core curriculum. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Build student’s interest in a career and then explain to them how learning academics will help them to reach their goal. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Teachers move from class to class for each subject and the students stay in the same place. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Being that there are no transitions in Egypt some students may have difficulty moving from class to class. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Reward students for smooth transitions. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Use a timer to give students an advance warning of when a transition is about to occur. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">There are no cliques in Egypt. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students may not feel like they belong because they don’t know how to associate themselves with a small group of friends. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students may not have any experience with diversity. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Make sure the classroom is free of cliques. If this is not completely possible try pairing students with people they don’t normally hang out with. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students, in general, are very independent. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students may reject help and guidance from teacher. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students may not ask for help even when they need it. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">It may be a challenge to get students to work together in groups. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ask students to help other students. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Prompt students with questions to help them reach the conclusion you would suggest. This gives them ownership and still lets them feel independent. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Religion is integral in Egyptian school. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students may openly talk about their religion and offend other students. || <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Explain to the student why we don’t discuss religion in school but allow them to write about it as a writing activity. || <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * __<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Geography- __**
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">History- __**
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Current Political Situation __**
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Current Economic Situation- __**
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Culturally Specific Behavior ** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Possible conflicts or misunderstandings ** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suggestions and Strategies for dealing with behavior ** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suggestions and Strategies for dealing with behavior ** ||

**__<span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">References __** <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Egypt/Political Situation. (2009). Retrieved October 2, 2009, from Looklex Encycopedia <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Website: <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[] <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> //<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Egypt Geography, Geography of Egypt, Geographical View of Egypt //<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. (n.d.). Retrieved October <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">11, 2009, from <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[|http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/egypt/egypt-overview/egypt- geography.html] <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Helen Chapin Metz, ed. //Egypt: A Country Study//. Washington: GPO for the Library of <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Congress, 1990. <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">History. (2008). Retrieved September 25, 2009, The Egyptian Presidency: <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[] <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kjeilen, T. (n.d.). //Egypt/Economy.// Retrieved October 11, 2009, from <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[] <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">